State Legal Survey – Balance Billing – January 2025

This 50-state legal survey analyzes state balance billing protection laws as of December 2025, categorizing states by whether they meet a comprehensive standard—covering both emergency and non-emergency services, all plan types, and meaningful consumer cost protections. Comprehensive states include California, Colorado, Florida, New York, and Texas. The survey examines how state laws vary in scope, payment standards, and dispute resolution, and how they interact with the federal No Surprises Act enacted in 2020.

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